PNB Chemistry (EM) — Class 10 Punjab Board book
Official Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board (PCTB) Chemistry textbook for Class 10 (English Medium). Neeche poori kitab online parhein ya official PDF download karein — bilkul muft.
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PNB Chemistry (EM) — Class 10 — neeche scroll karte jayein, aglay safhay khud aa jayein ge. Zoom bhi kar sakte hain.
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Is kitab ke baare mein
This is the English-medium practical notebook for class-10 Chemistry, covering the experiment-bearing chapters 10, 11, 12, 13 and 15. It moves from qualitative analysis — flame tests for metal ions, tests for aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and phenol — to quantitative volumetric work: standardizing NaOH and HCl solutions and determining exact molarities. The final chapter applies chemistry to the environment with a water-softening experiment.
Volumetric analysis is the heart of this book, and the notebook treats it seriously: burette readings, end-point judgement, and the calculation steps that turn raw readings into molarities. Read the theory of each test before entering the lab, and never skip the precautions — in chemistry practicals, safety and accuracy are the same skill.
Aham mozuaat
Chapter 10: Acids, Bases and Salts
Page 1
Chapter 11: Organic Chemistry
Page 24
Chapter 12: Hydrocarbons
Page 33
Chapter 13: Biochemistry
Page 36
Chapter 15: Environmental Chemistry (Water)
Page 39
Ustad ka mashwara
In chemistry practicals, readings are everything. Take each burette reading twice, write it down immediately, and never trust your memory. And treat every chemical with respect — the precaution you skip is the one the examiner asks about in the viva.
— Rehman Ahmad Chaudhary, Head Teacher, GPS 117 DB(BJ), Yazman
Aksar pooche gaye sawalat
How do I perform the flame test in experiment 10.1?
Take a clean platinum wire, dip it in the salt solution, and hold it in the non-luminous Bunsen flame. Each ion gives a characteristic colour — sodium golden yellow, potassium lilac, calcium brick red, strontium crimson, barium apple green, copper bluish-green. Record the colour immediately; it fades fast.
What does 'standardize the NaOH solution' mean?
Standardize means finding the exact concentration of your NaOH (or HCl) solution by titrating it against a standard solution of known strength. Rinse the burette with the solution first, remove the air bubble from the nozzle, and read the lower meniscus at eye level.
How do I distinguish aldehydes from ketones in the lab?
Fehling's test gives a brick-red precipitate with aldehydes on heating; Tollen's test gives a silver mirror. Ketones give no reaction with either. The 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine test (orange precipitate) is the positive test for ketones.
What is the point of the water-softening experiment in chapter 15?
Add the solution to hard water containing calcium and magnesium ions and observe the precipitate that removes hardness. Record your observations before and after — the comparison is the result.
Class 10 ki mazeed kitabein
Disclaimer
Ye kitab Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board (PCTB) ki official publication hai. Download aur online reading PECTAA ki official e-books listing (pectaa.edu.pk) se faraham ki jati hai — sirf talimi maqsad ke liye. Malkiyat PCTB ki hai; is site ka koi dawa nahi.